I-MAGNABEND - UKUSEBENZA KWE-CIRCUIT
Ifolda ye-Magnabend sheetmetal yakhelwe njenge-DC clamping electromagnet.
Isekhethi elula edingekayo ukuze ushayele ikhoyili ye-electro-magnetic iqukethe iswishi nesilungisi sebhuloho kuphela:
Umfanekiso 1: Isekhethi encane:
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkinobho ye-ON/OFF ixhunywe ohlangothini lwe-AC lwesekethe.Lokhu kuvumela ikhoyili ye-inductive ukuthi ijikeleze kuma-diode kusilungisi sebhuloho kulandela ukucisha kuze kube yilapho ibola yamanje ifika kuqanda.
(Ama-diode ebhuloho asebenza njenge-"fly-back" diode).
Ukuze kube nokusebenza okuphephile futhi okulula kakhudlwana kuyafiseleka ukuba nesekhethi ehlinzeka nge-interlock enezandla ezi-2 kanye nokubamba isiteji esingu-2.I-interlock yezandla ezi-2 isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iminwe ayikwazi ukubanjwa ngaphansi kwe-clampbar futhi ukubamba okuhleliwe kunikeza isiqalo esithambile futhi kuvumela isandla esisodwa ukuthi sibambe izinto endaweni kuze kube yilapho ukubopha kwangaphambili kwenziwa kusebenze.
Umfanekiso 2: Isekethe ene-Interlock kanye ne-2-Stage Clamping:
Uma inkinobho ethi START icindezelwa i-voltage encane inikezwa ikhoyili kazibuthe nge-AC capacitor ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize umphumela wokubamba ukukhanya.Le ndlela esebenzayo yokukhawulela i-current ku-coil ayifaki ukuchithwa kwamandla okuphawulekayo kudivayisi yokukhawulela (i-capacitor).
Ukugoqa okugcwele kutholakala lapho kokubili iswishi esetshenziswa yi-Bending Beam kanye nenkinobho ethi START kusetshenziswe ndawonye.
Ngokuvamile inkinobho ethi QALA yayizophushwa kuqala (ngesandla sobunxele) bese isibambo se-beam egobayo sidonswe ngesinye isandla.Ukugoqa okugcwele ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokuthi kube nokugqagqana okuthile ekusebenzeni kwamaswishi angu-2.Kodwa-ke uma ukuphoqa okugcwele sekuqinisekisiwe akudingekile ukuthi uqhubeke ubambe inkinobho ethi QALA.
I-Residual Magnetism
Inkinga encane kodwa ebalulekile ngomshini weMagnabend, njengamanye ama-electro-magnets, inkinga kazibuthe osalayo.Lesi yisamba esincane sikazibuthe esisala ngemva kokuba uzibuthe UVALWE.Ibangela ukuthi ama-clamp-bar ahlale eboshelwe ngokubuthakathaka emzimbeni kazibuthe ngaleyo ndlela kwenze ukususwa kwe-workpiece kube nzima.
Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ethambile enozibuthe kungenye yezindlela eziningi zokunqoba uzibuthe osalayo.
Kodwa-ke le nto inzima ukuyithola ngosayizi besitoko futhi ithambile ngokomzimba okusho ukuthi ingalimala kalula emshinini ogobayo.
Ukufakwa kwegebe elingelona uzibuthe kumjikelezo kazibuthe mhlawumbe kuyindlela elula yokunciphisa insalela kazibuthe.Le ndlela iyasebenza futhi kulula ukuyifinyelela emzimbeni kazibuthe owenziwe - mane ufake ucezu lwekhadibhodi noma i-aluminium enogqinsi olucishe lube ngu-0.2mm phakathi kwepali yangaphambili nocezu oluwumgogodla ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izingxenye zikazibuthe.I-drawback eyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthi igebe elingelona i-magnetic liyanciphisa ukugeleza okutholakalayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokugcwele.Futhi akuqondile ukuya phambili ukufaka igebe emzimbeni kazibuthe onesiqephu esisodwa njengoba kusetshenziselwa idizayini kazibuthe yohlobo lwe-E.
Inkambu yokuchema ehlanekezelwe, ekhiqizwe ikhoyili eyisiza, nayo iyindlela esebenzayo.Kepha kuhlanganisa ubunkimbinkimbi obengeziwe obungadingekile ekwakhiweni kwekhoyili kanye nakumjikelezo wokulawula, yize yasetshenziswa isikhashana ekwakhiweni kwasekuqaleni kweMagnabend.
I-oscillation ebolayo ("ringing") iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokukhipha uzibuthe.
Lezi zithombe ze-oscilloscope zibonisa i-voltage (i-top trace) kanye neyamanje (umkhondo ophansi) kukhoyili ye-Magnabend ene-capacitor efanelekile exhunywe kuyo ukuze ikwazi ukuzishintshashintsha ngokwayo.(Ukunikezwa kwe-AC kuvaliwe cishe phakathi nesithombe).
Isithombe sokuqala eseseseyiji kazibuthe evulekile, engenawo i-clampbar kuzibuthe.Isithombe sesibili eseseseyiji kazibuthe evaliwe, ene-clampbar enobude obugcwele kuzibuthe.
Esithombeni sokuqala i-voltage ibonisa i-oscillation ebolayo (ekhalayo) kanjalo neyamanje (umkhondo ophansi), kodwa esithombeni sesibili i-voltage ayiguquki futhi yamanje ayikwazi ngisho nokuhlehla nhlobo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi bekungeke kube khona ukunyakaziswa kwe-flux kazibuthe ngakho-ke akukho ukukhanselwa kozibuthe osalayo.
Inkinga iwukuthi uzibuthe umanziswe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy ensimbi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeshwa le ndlela ayisebenzi ku-Magnabend.
I-oscillation ephoqelelwe ingomunye futhi umbono.Uma uzibuthe umanziswe kakhulu ukuba azi-oscillate ngakho-ke angase aphoqeleke ukuthi azungezise ngamasekhethi asebenzayo anikeza amandla njengoba kudingeka.Lokhu sekuphenywe kahle nakuMagnabend.I-drawback yayo eyinhloko ukuthi ihlanganisa ukujikeleza okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile.
I-Reverse-pulse demagnetising iyindlela ebonakale ingabizi kakhulu ku-Magnabend.Imininingwane yalo mklamo imelela umsebenzi wokuqala owenziwa yiMagnetic Engineering Pty Ltd. Ingxoxo enemininingwane iyalandela:
REVERSE-PULSE DEMAGNETISING
Umnyombo walo mbono uwukugcina amandla ku-capacitor bese uwakhulula kukhoyili ngemva nje kokucisha uzibuthe.I-polarity idinga ukuba ibe ngendlela yokuthi i-capacitor izofaka i-current reverse kukhoyili.Inani lamandla agcinwe ku-capacitor lingalungiswa ukuze lanele nje ukukhansela i-magnetism esele.(Amandla amaningi angawenza abe ngaphezulu futhi aphinde enze uzibuthe kwelinye icala).
Enye inzuzo yendlela ye-reverse-pulse ukuthi ikhiqiza i-demagnetising esheshayo kanye nokukhululwa okucishe kube khona manjalo kwe-clampbar kumagnet.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akudingekile ukulinda ukuthi ikhoyili ibole ibe yiqanda ngaphambi kokuxhuma i-reverse pulse.Ekusetshenzisweni kokushaya kwe-pulse ikhoyili iphoqeleka ukuthi ibe nguziro (bese ibuyela emuva) ngokushesha okukhulu kunalokho obekungaba khona ukubola kwayo okujwayelekile.
Umfanekiso 3: Isekethe ye-Basic Reverse-Pulse
Manje, ngokujwayelekile, ukubeka ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-rectifier kanye nekhoyili kazibuthe "kudlala ngomlilo".
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-inductive current ayikwazi ukuphazanyiswa kungazelelwe.Uma kunjalo-ke othintana nabo be-switch bazoba arc futhi iswishi izolimala noma ibhujiswe ngokuphelele.(Okulinganayo komshini kuzobe kuzama ukumisa i-flywheel kungazelelwe).
Ngakho-ke, noma iyiphi isekethi eklanyiwe kufanele inikeze indlela esebenzayo yekhoyili yamanje ngaso sonke isikhathi, kuhlanganisa nama-millisecond ambalwa ngenkathi othintana naye eshintsha.
Isekhethi engenhla, equkethe ama-capacitor angu-2 kanye nama-diode angu-2 kuphela (kanye ne-relay contact), ifinyelela imisebenzi yokushaja i-Store capacitor ku-voltage eyinegethivu (okuhlobene nohlangothi lwereferensi lwekhoyili) futhi inikeza enye indlela yekhoyili. okwamanje ngenkathi oxhumene naye edluliselwe endizeni.
Isebenza kanjani:
Ngokubanzi i-D1 ne-C2 zisebenza njengephampu yokushaja ye-C1 kuyilapho i-D2 iyi-clamp diode ebamba iphuzu B ukuthi lingahambi kahle.
Ngenkathi uzibuthe IVUMILE othintana naye odluliswayo uzoxhunywa kutheminali "evulekile ngokujwayelekile" (NO) futhi uzibuthe uzobe enza umsebenzi wawo ojwayelekile wokuhlanganisa i-sheetmetal.Iphampu yokushaja izobe ishaja i-C1 ibheke kuvolthi ephezulu eyinegethivu elingana nobukhulu bevoltheji yekhoyili ephezulu.I-voltage ku-C1 izokwenyuka kakhulu kodwa izoshajwa ngokugcwele phakathi nokungu-1/2 ngomzuzwana.
Ibe isihlala ikuleso simo kuze kube yilapho umshini UVALWA.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokucisha i-relay ibamba isikhathi esifushane.Ngalesi sikhathi ikhoyili eshintshayo kakhulu izoqhubeka nokuzungeza kuma-diode kusilungisi sebhuloho.Manje, ngemva kokulibaziseka okungama-millisecond angu-30 othintana naye odluliswayo uzoqala ukuhlukana.Ikhoyili ngeke isakwazi ukudlula kumadiode okulungisa kodwa ithola indlela edlula ku-C1, D1, kanye ne-C2.Indlela yalokhu yamanje izokwenza ukuthi inyuse futhi inkokhiso engemihle ku-C1 futhi izoqala ukushaja i-C2 nayo.
Inani le-C2 lidinga ukuba likhulu ngokwanele ukuze lilawule izinga lokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi endaweni evulekile yokuxhumana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-arc ayakhi.Ivelu engaba ngu-5 micro-farad i-amp ngayinye yekhoyili yamanje yanele i-relay evamile.
Umfanekiso wesi-4 ngezansi ubonisa imininingwane yamagagasi enzeke engxenyeni yokuqala yesekhondi ngemva kokuVALA.Irempu kagesi elawulwa yi-C2 ibonakala ngokucacile kumkhondo obomvu ophakathi nesibalo, ibhalwe ukuthi "Relay contact on the fly".(Isikhathi sangempela sokundiza singathathwa kulo mkhondo; cishe u-1.5 ms).
Ngokushesha nje lapho i-armature ye-relay ifika kutheminali yayo ye-NC i-capacitor yokugcina ene-negative ixhunywe kukhoyili kazibuthe.Lokhu akuhlehlisi ngokushesha ikhoyili kodwa i-current manje isigijima "ekukhuphukeni" futhi ngaleyo ndlela iphoqeleka ngokushesha idlule ku-zero futhi iye esiqongweni esinegethivu esenzeka cishe ku-80 ms ngemva kokuxhunywa kwe-capacitor yokugcina.(Bheka umfanekiso 5).Umsinga ongemuhle uzodala ukugeleza okungalungile kuzibuthe okuzokhansela i-magnetism esele futhi i-clampbar kanye ne-workpiece kuzokhululwa ngokushesha.
Umfanekiso 4: Ama-Waveform Anwetshiwe
Umfanekiso 5: Amagagasi Amandla Kagesi kanye Namanje Kukhoyili Yezibuthe
Umfanekiso wesi-5 ngenhla ubonisa i-voltage kanye namagagasi amanje kukhoyili kazibuthe phakathi nesigaba sangaphambi kokugoqa, isigaba sokubopha esigcwele, kanye nesigaba sokususa uzibuthe.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi ubulula nokusebenza kwale sekethi yokususa uzibuthe kufanele kusho ukuthi izothola ukusetshenziswa kwamanye ama-electromagnets adinga ukukhishwa kazibuthe.Noma ngabe i-magnetism eyinsalela ingeyona inkinga le sekhethi isengaba usizo kakhulu ekuguquleni ikhoyili yamanje iye ku-zero ngokushesha okukhulu futhi inikeze ukukhululeka ngokushesha.
Isekhethi ye-Magnabend esebenzayo:
Imiqondo yesekethe okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla ingahlanganiswa ibe yisekethe egcwele kukho kokubili ukukhiya okunezandla ezi-2 kanye ne-reverse pulse demagnetising njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi (Umfanekiso 6):
Umfanekiso 6: Umjikelezo Ohlanganisiwe
Lesi sifunda sizosebenza kodwa ngeshwa asithembekile ngandlela thize.
Ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuthembekile nempilo yokushintsha isikhathi eside kuyadingeka ukwengeza ezinye izingxenye ezengeziwe kumjikelezo oyisisekelo njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi (Umfanekiso 7):
Umfanekiso 7: Isekethe Ehlanganisiwe Nokucwengisiswa
SW1:
Lena iswishi yokuhlukanisa izigxobo ezi-2.Yengezwe ukuze kube lula futhi ihambisane nezindinganiso zikagesi.Kuyafiseleka futhi ukuthi le swishi ihlanganise ukukhanya kwenkomba ye-neon ukukhombisa isimo sokuVULIWA/UKUVALIWE sesekhethi.
I-D3 ne-C4:
Ngaphandle kwe-D3 ukuxhunywa kwe-relay akuthembeki futhi kuncike ngandlela thize ekumisweni kwe-waveform yama-mains ngesikhathi sokusebenza kweswishi ye-beam egobayo.I-D3 yethula ukubambezeleka (ngokuvamile amasekhondi angu-30 milli) ekuphumeni kokudluliswayo.Lokhu kunqoba inkinga yokuxhunywa futhi kuyazuzisa ukubambezeleka kokuphuma ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwe-pulse demagnetising (kamuva emjikelezweni).I-C4 ihlinzeka ngokuhlangana kwe-AC kwesekethe edluliswayo obekungaba isekethe emfishane yegagasi elinguhhafu uma inkinobho ethi START icindezelwa.
THERM.SHINTSHA:
Le swishi inezindlu zayo ezixhumene nomzimba kazibuthe futhi izovuleka uma uzibuthe ushisa kakhulu (>70 C).Ukuyibeka kuchungechunge ngekhoyili edluliswayo kusho ukuthi kufanele ishintshe kuphela amandla amancane ngekhoyili edluliswayo kunokushintsha amandla kazibuthe agcwele.
R2:
Uma inkinobho ethi START icindezelwa i-relay iyadonsa bese kuba khona i-in-rush current eshaja i-C3 ngesilungisi sebhuloho, i-C2 ne-diode D2.Ngaphandle kwe-R2 bekungeke kube khona ukumelana kule sekethi futhi umphumela wamanje ophezulu ungalimaza abathintwayo kuswishi ye-START.
Futhi, kunesinye isimo sesekhethi lapho i-R2 ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka: Uma inkinobho yokugoba (SW2) isuka ku-NO terminal (lapho izobe ithwele uzibuthe wamanje ogcwele) iye kutheminali ye-NC, ngokuvamile kuvame ukwakheka i-arc futhi uma Iswishi ye-START ibisaqhubeka nokubanjwa ngalesi sikhathi bese kuthi i-C3 isebenze ngokufushane futhi, kuye ngokuthi ingakanani i-voltage ebiku-C3, bese lokhu kungalimaza i-SW2.Kodwa-ke futhi u-R2 uzokhawulela le sekethi emfushane yamanje enanini eliphephile.I-R2 idinga kuphela inani eliphansi lokumelana (imvamisa engu-2 ohms) ukuze inikeze ukuvikeleka okwanele.
I-Varistor:
I-varistor, exhunywe phakathi kwamatheminali e-AC we-rectifier, ngokuvamile ayenzi lutho.Kodwa uma kukhona i-voltage ekhuphukayo kumapayipi amakhulu (ngenxa yesibonelo - isiteleka sokukhanyisa esiseduze ) khona-ke i-varistor izomunca amandla ekuhlinzeni futhi ivimbele i-voltage spike ekulimazeni isilungisi sebhuloho.
I-R1:
Uma inkinobho ethi START ibizocindezelwa ngesikhathi sokushaya uzibuthe lokhu kungase kubangele i-arc koxhumene naye odluliswayo okubuye kube yi-C1 emfushane (i-capacitor yokugcina).Amandla e-capacitor azolahlwa kusekethe ehlanganisa i-C1, isilungisi sebhuloho kanye ne-arc ku-relay.Ngaphandle kwe-R1 kukhona ukumelana okuncane kakhulu kule sekethi ngakho-ke okwamanje kungaba phezulu kakhulu futhi kuzokwanela ukushisela abathintwayo ku-relay.U-R1 uhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kulesi simo (esingajwayelekile)
I-Special Note re choice ye-R1:
Uma isenzakalo esichazwe ngenhla senzeka khona-ke u-R1 uzomunca cishe wonke amandla abegcinwe ku-C1 kungakhathaliseki inani langempela lika-R1.Sifuna ukuthi i-R1 ibe nkulu uma iqhathaniswa nokunye ukumelana kwesekethe kodwa kube kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nokumelana kwekhoyili ye-Magnabend (uma kungenjalo i-R1 inganciphisa ukusebenza kwe-demagnetising pulse).Inani elilinganiselwa ku-5 kuya ku-10 ohms lizofaneleka kodwa isiphi isilinganiso samandla okufanele i-R1 ibe nayo?Esidinga ngempela ukukucacisa amandla okushaya kwenhliziyo, noma isilinganiso samandla esiphikisayo.Kodwa lesi sici ngokuvamile asicaciswanga kuma-resistors amandla.Izimbangi zamandla ezisezingeni eliphansi ngokuvamile ziyinxeba lezintambo futhi sinqume ukuthi isici esibalulekile okufanele sibhekwe kule resistor inani lezintambo zangempela ezisetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwaso.Udinga ukuvula isampula resistor bese ukala igeji nobude bocingo olusetshenzisiwe.Kulokhu bala isamba sevolumu yocingo bese ukhetha isixhasi okungenani esingu-20 mm3 wocingo.
(Isibonelo i-6.8 ohm/11 watt resistor evela ku-RS Components itholwe inevolumu yentambo engu-24mm3).
Ngenhlanhla lezi zingxenye ezengeziwe zincane ngosayizi kanye nezindleko ngakho zengeza amadola ambalwa kuphela ezindlekweni zizonke ze-Magnabend electrics.
Kukhona enye ingxenye yesekethe okungakaxoxwa ngayo.Lokhu kunqoba inkinga encane uma kuqhathaniswa:
Uma inkinobho ethi START icindezelwa futhi ingalandelwa ukudonsa isibambo (okunganikeza ukugoqa okugcwele) khona-ke i-capacitor yokugcina ngeke ishajwe ngokugcwele futhi i-pulse demagnetising ephumela ekukhishweni kwenkinobho ethi QALA ngeke iwumise ngokuphelele umshini. .I-clampbar yayizohlala inamathele emshinini futhi lokho kungaba inkathazo.
Ukwengezwa kwe-D4 ne-R3, okuboniswe ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuMfanekiso 8 ngezansi, kuphakela i-waveform efanelekile kusekethe yephampu yokushaja ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-C1 iyashajwa ngisho noma i-clamping egcwele ingasetshenziswa.(Inani lika-R3 alibalulekile - 220 ohms/10 watt lingafanela imishini eminingi).
Umfanekiso 8: Isekhethi ene-Demagnetise ngemva kokuthi "QALA" kuphela:
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezingxenye zesekethe sicela ubheke esigabeni se-Components ku-"Build Your Own Magnabend"
Ngokwezinjongo zereferensi imidwebo yesekethe ephelele yemishini engu-240 Volt AC, E-Type Magnabend ekhiqizwe iMagnetic Engineering Pty Ltd ikhonjisiwe ngezansi.
Qaphela ukuthi ukuze usebenze ku-115 VAC amanani amaningi engxenye azodinga ukushintshwa.
IMagnetic Engineering yayeka ukukhiqiza imishini yeMagnabend ngo-2003 ngesikhathi kudayiswa ibhizinisi.
Qaphela: Le ngxoxo engenhla ibihloselwe ukuchaza imigomo esemqoka yokusebenza kwesekethe futhi akuyona yonke imininingwane ehlanganisiwe.Amasekhethi agcwele aboniswe ngenhla nawo afakiwe kumanuwali e-Magnabend atholakala kwenye indawo kule sayithi.
Kufanele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi sithuthukise izinguqulo zesimo esiqinile ngokugcwele zalesi sekethi esasebenzisa ama-IGBT esikhundleni sokudlulisa okushintshile.
Isekethe yesifunda esiqinile ayizange isetshenziswe kunoma yimiphi imishini ye-Magnabend kodwa yayisetshenziselwa omazibuthe abakhethekile esibenzele imigqa yokukhiqiza.Le migqa yokukhiqiza ngokuvamile iveza izinto ezingu-5,000 (njengomnyango wesiqandisi) ngosuku.
IMagnetic Engineering yayeka ukukhiqiza imishini yeMagnabend ngo-2003 ngesikhathi kudayiswa ibhizinisi.
Sicela usebenzise isixhumanisi esithi Xhumana no-Alan kule sayithi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.